Jun 06, 2018 the effects of the tsunami on the country during this period range from destruction and damage, death, injury, millions of dollars in financial loss, and long lasting psychological problems for the inhabitants of the region. Lets look at the detailed aspects of the causal factors. Jun 06, 2018 often the most destructive tsunamis are caused by earthquakes but causes can also include volcanic eruptions, landslides or even a comet hitting the sea. Probably the second most common cause of tsunami is landslide. Tsunamis are caused by violent seafloor movement associated with earthquakes, landslides, lava entering the sea, seamount collapse, or meteorite impact. Your job involves learning about the causes and effects of tsunamis and storm surge and then assisting the village council with filing a report. Nae website effects of the 2004 sumatraandaman earthquake. According to one classification, the majority of tsunamis are caused by earthquakes. Contaminated water needs to be dealt with and people need food and medical care. A tsunami is a series of ocean waves with very long wavelengths typically. Tsunami effects, large destruction of property and loss. Apr 24, 2017 a tsunami is a devastating natural phenomena that often strikes without warning.
When there is little or no warning, many deaths can occur. On this basis, extended deficiency of water can affect the society in various ways both directly and indirectly. Seismic implies an earthquakerelated generation mechanism, but a tsunami can also be caused by a nonseismic event, such as a landslide or meteorite impact. They are called tidal waves but they have actually nothing to do with the tides. Though word tsunami is not new for all but at elementary or middle school level, the kids should get familiarized with such kind of disasters with some basic ideas. Tsunamis induced by submarine landslide and landfall. This has the same effect of dropping a large stone into a pool big ripples are created. The tsunami severely affected the coastal regions of the eastern state of tamil nadu, the union terri. These natural disasters were exacerbated by additional disruptions from the collateral damage to a. Structures collapsing, explosions from gas, electrocution, floating debris, and damaged tanks are another cause of death. Climate change risk evaluation of tsunami hazards in the. When an earthquake occurs, jma estimates whether a. One of the main causes of tsunamis is the movement of the tectonic plate boundaries.
Jan 01, 2021 landslides are another prominent cause of a tsunami. Based on research and historical records, new zealand has experienced around 10 tsunami greater than 5m in height since 1840. Although tsunami may be caused by landslides, volcanic eruptions or even. By late 2007, there were more than 35 refereed publications with a major focus on surficial. Tsunami assignment cause firstly tsunamis can be caused by landslides, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. There are more ways that effective to train the population in the face of the tsunami and avoiding construction in areas often hit by the tsunami. Tsunami generated by the impact of a cosmic body into the ocean. A giant wave caused by an underwater volcano or an underwater earthquake. The amount of damage caused by tsunami is dependent on the wave runup height. When heavy debris falls without warning with massive force into the sea, it causes a tremendous ripple effect. The earthquake triggered a tsunami reaching 6 metres in height.
Another possible cause of tsunamis is meteorite impact. Coastal and underwater landslides, and volcanic eruptions, can occasionally cause tsunami. Waves are generated by great earthquakes that can cause damage before the tsunami arrives. See the percentages on the right for the geological events that cause tsunamis. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Tsunami effects, large destruction of property and loss of life. Tsunami means harbor wave in japanese, reflecting japans tsunami prone history. Pdf on 26th of december 2005, sri lanka experienced, perhaps its most devastating natural disaster through a impact of a tsunami. Two of these communities in which focus groups were carried out belonged to the melanesian ethnic group, indigenous to. A tsunami is a type of tidal wave caused by sudden movements of water. Sep 16, 2016 tsunami are generated by earthquakes that cause displacement of the seafloor, but, as we shall see, tsunami can be generated by volcanic eruptions, landslides, underwater explosions, and meteorite impacts.
Mar 01, 2007 the waves spread throughout the indian ocean, causing damage in the coastal communities of 12 countries. The effects of a tsunami depend on the characteristics of the seismic event that generated the tsunami, the distance from its point of origin, its size and, at last, the configuration of the bathymetry that is the depth of water in oceans along the coast that the tsunami is approaching. The tsunami that struck east africa and south east asia in of december 2004 killed about 300,000 people. Ocean layers tsunami is a series of long waves caused by sudden massive water movement. A velocity of about 100 kmh for the tsunami close to the coast is appropriate. Effects of the december 2004 indian ocean tsunami on the. Tsunamis can also result from the impact of a meteor or comet in a body of water. Mar 11, 2011 the effects of a tsunami on a coastline can range from unnoticeable to devastating. They most frequently stem from underwater earthquakes, which cause a change in the ocean floor that impacts the surface water for miles around. Tsunamis are caused through violent actions of the earth. Causes of tsunami earthquake volcanic eruption underwater explosions meteorite impacts 4. This study was undertaken to document the timing, elevation, and effects of these waves on the largest granitic islands of this archipelago, mahe and praslin, and to collate any available information on effects on other islands of the seychelles archipelago. They are infrequently triggered by large meteorite impacts. Tsunamis are one of the most destructive natural disasters.
Though it is providing good data, earthquakes will not always cause a tsunami if it is side to side. Note that 72% of tsunamis are generated by earthquakes. On september 29th 2009, two particularly strong earthquakes caused a massive tsunami to hit the islands of samoa, american samoa, and tonga 2. Tsunami tsunami is a japanese word tsu means harbour and nami means wave. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water. There are, however, a number of techniques that can minimize the harmful effects of tsunamis to the physical environment including built structures and to individuals and communities. Nov 11, 2008 tsunamis are waves, or series of waves, created by a disturbance in the ocean.
However, in most cases, tsunamis are caused by powerful underwater earthquakes. Causes of tsunami a tsunami is caused by a large and sudden displacement of the ocean. Although the tsunami caused the great damage and the great loss of lives in countries neighboring indian ocean, the most severely hit region was the west and. An earthquake can trigger many sudden changes in the environment which can be classified as primary e. Tsunami causes, effects and solutions research paper.
A tsunami is a catastrophic ocean wave that is usually caused by a submarine earthquake, an underwater or coastal landslide, or the eruption of a volcano. The initial impact of the tsunami is often publicised across the world through the news media. Landslides cause tsunamis when the debris falls into the water. On the cause of the 1908 messina tsunami, southern italy. Tsunami teacher notes geological society of america. The majority of deaths associated with tsunamis are related to drownings, but traumatic injuries are also a primary concern. Besides that high death toll, the tsunami caused one of the worst nuclear disasters. Cause and effect mammoth shake and monster waves cause and effect page 152 cause and effect page 148149 cause was the disaster of 2004 effect coral beds became land, many islands sank, six islands visited by european explorers are now gone, and some of the islands are under. Tsunamis, like most natural disasters, are beyond human control. Effects of tsunami tsunamis can be caused by landslides or volcanic eruptions occurring on the surface of the ocean.
Such tsunamis produce the most extensive inundation area, i. Tsunamis are caused by underwater landslides, volcanic eruption, earthquakes, or on very rare occasions large meteorite strikes that then generate sudden movements on the ocean floor. A tsunami or wave, additionally called a seismic ocean wave, could be a series of waves during a water body caused by the displacement of an outsized volume of water, usually in an ocean or an outsized lake. Approximately 170,000 people of aceh province were killed by this tsunami. Most tsunamis are caused by major subduction zone earthquakes, where there is significant displacement of the ocean floor. Earthquakes earthquakes cause tsunami by causing a disturbance of the seafloor. If an earthquake happens underwater, the seafloor lifts and then drops. The most common cause of a tsunami is an earthquake, which is a sudden shifting of the earths crust, which releases energy. It is based on hawaii and was designed to predict tsunamis around the north pacific. By far, the most damaging effects were sustained by aceh province, where three devastating waves struck the western shore within about 30 minutes. The first, and most common cause for tsunamis are abrupt movements on the ocean floor that can result from an earthquake.
This ripple effect thus, causes tidal waves to form, which ultimately rise towards the land and cause massive destruction. Injuries such as broken limbs and head injuries are caused by the physical impact of people being washed into debris such as houses, trees, and other stationary items. Cause and effect mammoth shake and monster waves by. The great sumatra earthquake of 26 december 2004 did not cause shakinginduced damage to the mainland of india, but the consequent indian ocean tsunami had a signi. Tsunami causes, characteristics, effects, facts and. The main factor that determines the initial size of the tsunami is the level of the vertical sea bottom deformation controlled by. But landslides, volcanic activity, near earth objects e. If a tsunami strikes a coastal area, it can cause death or serious injury to people and damage to buildings. Whenever these earthquakes occur at a submarine level, created vibrations are responsible for causing the ocean water to ripple and then move. Students will recreate tsunamis due to above and below water landslides, subduction faults and impact strikes. Assuming a decrease of the tsunami velocity with reduced seafloor depth toward the coasts, and assuming a tsunami minimum velocity i. A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Tsunamis cause many people to lose their homes and places of business, and cost governments millions of dollars in repairs and assistance.
Size of tsunamitsunamis have an extremely longwavelength wavelength is the distancebetween the crest top of one wave and thecrest of the next wave up to severalhundred miles long. A series of waves in an ocean or lake caused by the displacement of a large body of water is known as a tsunami, meaning harbor wave in japanese. Historically, tsunamis have been rare events and have caused only minimal damage in. Most tsunamis are caused by massive earthquakes on the seafloor when parts of rock move past each other all of a sudden causing water to move. Most of these tsunami are generated by earthquakes that cause displacement of the seafloor, but, as we shall see, tsunami can be generated by volcanic eruptions, landslides, underwater explosions, and meteorite impacts. A tsunami may be a tsunami may be generated by a landslide starting out above the sea level and then plunging into the sea, or by a landslide entirely. The tsunami waves ranged from 4 to 39 meters high and destroyed more than 250 coastal communities. A tsunami is a set of waves that is triggered by the displacement of water on the ocean floor 1.
Often the most destructive tsunamis are caused by earthquakes but causes can also include volcanic eruptions, landslides or even a comet hitting the sea. However, there is potential for a large tsunami to cause. A tsunami is a series of powerful waves caused by things such as earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions and meteorites. This quiz and corresponding worksheet gauge your understanding of the cause and effect of a tsunami and the threat to human life after waters have receded. But for coastal areas, a far greater danger can strike later. The violent force on the tsunami leads to instant death, most frequently by drowning. In most tsunami events it can cause destruction till loss of life. Tsunami, seaquake, oceanic earthquake, generation, oscillating structures. The site uses a mixture of seismic earthquake and oceanographic data to try and predict whether or not a tsunami will strike. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and alternative underwater explosions including detonations of. An overview of the impact of the tsunami on selected coastal.
These were generated by distant source earthquakes and seafloor earthquakes off the new zealand coast 80% local, 20% distant source. Sep, 2012 causes of tsunami earthquake volcanic eruption underwater explosions meteorite impacts 4. As the tsunami approached the coast it was reported to be travelling 250mph. This unit in the form of pdf file is prepared on tsunami causes, characteristics, effects, facts and preventations. Eruption of a submarine volcano as a cause of tsunamis 2. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite. A tsunami is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of. Coastal and underwater landslides, and volcanic eruptions, can occasionally cause tsunami too. On september 29 2009, a devastating natural disaster hit the islands of samoa, american samoa, and tonga. The meeting also recognized that environmental degradation of critical habitats caused by the tsunami in affected coastal areas, such as coral. Effects of the japanese earthquake and tsunami congressional research service 1 introduction the march 2011 great tohoku earthquake and tsunami struck the northeast coast of japan. As a tsunami and hurricane riskassessment geologist, you have been hired by a village council to develop a hazardassessment response plan. The source of the plant is known that 90% of the tsunami is caused by tectonic earthquake activity, 9% due to volcanic activity and 1% by soil landslides that occurring in water such as in the lakes or in the ocean or landslides that came from land which is enters to the ocean. Water use is part and parcel of almost every human activity as well as the life of plants and animals.
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