Mar 28, 2020 dependency theory picks up the pieces and connects the dots where modernization theory leaves room for interpretation. The conclusion is that both theories have failed to help develop africa. The aim of this essay is to examine how traditional dependency theory, which was popular in the 1960s and 1970s as a criticism of modernization theory, can still be a useful tool for explaining global inequalities despite the challenges of. Modernization theory, well start there, was developed by walt whitman rostow, or w. Generally, dependency theory refers to a criticism of modernization theory which economic development factors of underdeveloped countries or periphery is being controlled by developed countries or core or developed countries feraro, 2008, p 59. It can be seen as an opposition theory to the popular free market theory of interaction. The modernization theory has changed over level of three waves. The dependency theory and modernization theory in latin. Dependency theory is a theory of how developing and developed nations interact. Article information, pdf download for dependency theory. It comes from the capitalist point of view of development and it relates development with modernization. That is to say a developed economy should have impact to the people. Modernization and its discontents 1 the crisis in modernization theory 5 towards a sociology of knowledge 11 2.
Nations that served as examples of the failure of this developmental approach served as reminders as to why the theory needed to be changed and altered to fit the modern viewpoint of the world. Modernisation vs dependency theory economics bibliographies. Modernization theory is subject to criticism originating among socialist and free market ideologies, worldsystems theorists, globalization theorists and dependency theorists among others. Ethnocentricity destruction of native peoples cultures, and replace it with western culture countries arent able. For others, modernization is based more on the actual transforma tion of individuals through their assimilation of modern values.
Dependency theory coincides with the conflict viewpoint, as it focuses on ways that poor nations have been wronged by rich nations. Modernization consists of a gradual differentiation and specialization of social structures. Dependency theorists argue that the failure of developing nations to modernize is due to. Modernization theory vs dependency theory while many theorists have numerous explanations towards underdevelopment, experts like david brooks and peter hallward have described the natural disaster in haiti to be brutally destructive primarily due to its poverty. Nowadays, the modernization theory studies how new innovations and technologies are resulting in a homogenized world. Modernization theory and dependency theory in ethiopia free. Dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development. It states that global inequality is primarily caused by core nations or highincome nations exploiting semiperipheral and peripheral nations or. It is important to understand the history of a situation so a more realist approach can be taken to solve it. This paper analyses the contesting views and harmonious views on modernisation theory only. The theory gained support in the 1970s following the dominance of modernization theory in the two decades previous and was largely studied by academics from developing nations, emerging first in latinamerica. The theory of modernisation and dependency has been around from the mid1950s. A critique of modernization and dependency theories in.
Concepts of modernization and dependency theory example. Dependency theory dependency theory has been presented as a theory of development that improves modernisation theory reyes, 2001a. Modernization theory, dependency theory, globalization theory introduction according to the development of countries, global stratification, clearly, is an undeniable phenomenon in human society. Modernization theory, underdevelopment and multiple modernities. Download file to see previous pages modernization theory needed change since the liberal or neoliberal approach to economic development for lesser developed countries was not successful in many cases. However, it is necessary to underline that modernization theory views such cooperation and integration as a conscious and voluntary act from the part of developing countries, for which modernization in the western style is the only way to overcome the existing backwardness, while supporters of dependency theory argue that such cooperation and. The main weakness of dependency theory lies in explaining the origin of underdevelopment.
Were going to cover modernization theory as opposed to dependency theory. Modernization and early dependency theory assignment. Dependency theory seems a little more involved and complex, and examines numerous factors in determining. Characteristics of modernization theory and dependency theory. But before we go further, we must compare the two in attempt to see if either would compromise our governments mandate. Difference between modernization and modernization theory. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial bengal. Pdf this chapter discusses modernisation and dependency theories as the two. Modernization theory an overview sciencedirect topics. The theory states that a modern society is likely to archive economic development compared to a nonmodernized society.
With a 6 decade long old journey they both provide valid as well as the perfect explanations with respect to the development and underdevelopment happening globally. Ldc policy modernization theory and dependency theory. Theories of modernization and dependency ppt xpowerpoint. The dependency theory claims that this is how underdevelopment was created and is. Modernization theory in achieving development example.
Difference between modernization theory and dependency. Both theoretical explanations of global inequality. Modernization and dependency theory nowadays the rapid development of the word and the growing integration of countries can hardly fail to affect the development of new theories which attempt to explain the relationship between countries and the existing inequality between developed countries and countries of the third world. Dependency theory emerged as a reaction to modernization theory. The proponents of modernization theory claimed that underdeveloped countries were. It combines elements from a neomarxist theory and adopts a revolution of under developed nations model. Dependency theory was created as a way to criticize and respond to modernization theory. View and download powerpoint presentations on theories of modernization and dependency ppt. Difference between modernization and modernization theory cram. As a model for social change and development, modernization theory fails to. Dependency theory and modernization theory by kali. It is worth noticing that there are many theories that explain the development of nations.
Modernization theory vs dependency theory the path to modernization is one never clearly defined. Specifically, the dependency school was a response to the failure of the economic commission of latin america ecla program and the crisis of orthodox marxism in latin american. In the 1960s and 1970s, the originators of the dependency theory insisted that third. The theoretical framework was created in an attempt to explain transformation and development in society, as well as define how change influenced preindustrial and industrial development smith 44.
For that reason, it would be useful to look at the modernization theory in order to. This was a problem of modernization theory, which has been harshly criticized by dependency theorists, and certainly one could view. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development. These theories are the modernization theory, the dependency theory and the feminist theory. Modernization and dependency theory tutorial sophia learning. Chapter i modernization theory structuralfunctionalism and modernization. The literature accessed demonstrates that the theory fails to convincingly explain todays world. Contrast dependency and modernisation theory free essays.
According to dependency theory, underdevelopment is a product of capitalist development. By arguing that all societies progress through similar stages of development, the modernization. Modernization, dependency, rural underdevelopment, african renaissance. Currently, modernization and dependency theories are the two worldwide accepted speculations illuminating the diversification in the economic growth of these. Modernization and dependency theory 1563 words bartleby.
Difference between modernization theory and dependency theory. Modernization theory vs dependency theory 1227 words 5 pages. Parsons, smelser, levy, moore, hoselitz, bellah, eisenstadt sociopsychological theories of modernization. Dependency theory maintains that because all aspects of society in developing nations are influenced by economic dependence on industrialized nations, modernization in one sector such as education will not necessarily facilitate national economic growth. The basic assumption of this theory, in any of its versions, is that there is one general end page 157 process of which democratization is but the final stage. In conclusion, the modernization theory is only optimistic and full of contradictions. Dependency theory has the main focus as the local population and environment, seeking to bring selfsufficiency and control to the locals in order to provide. Underdevelopment is not the product of the persistence of traditional society. Pdf compare and contrast modernization and dependency. Both have their own sets of costs and benefits as well as they do policy approaches. Marxist view and colonialism 3rd wo beautycapitalism downsocialism 4. Dependency theory 1960s united nations economic commission for latin america. In the same line moles 1999 propounded that, dependency theory was developed in response to modernization theory out of sheer criticism of the latter theory by the supporters of dependency theory. It was created in part as a response to the westerncentric mindset of modernization theory.
Currently, modernization and dependency theories are the two worldwide accepted speculations illuminating the diversification in the economic growth of these countries. The following report will attempt to analyze and critique our nations potential options concerning social and fiscal policy and use this information in an attempt to recommend future policy agenda. For this purpose, this paper examines the definitions of dependency, general perspectives, classifications, and the criticism of dependency theory. This essay focuses on two related radical theories of development, dependency and worldsystems theory, and shows how they emerged as a critique partly of modernization theory and of the development strategy of import substitution industrialization. Dependency theory was first formulated in the 1950s, drawing on a marxian analysis of the global economy, and as a direct challenge to the free market economic policies of the. The discourse pins hope on the african renaissance theory of development. Comparison of dependency theory with modernization theory.
Modernization theory the third world countries have experienced massive variation in the economic development since after the end of second world war. Modernization theory describes the transformative processes of societies from underdevelopment to modern societies. Modernisation theory has several concepts that see the solution as a top down approach utilising international markets and investment to bring in wealth and development to the area. The focus of this theory is the totality of society and social system periphery, which highlights the. Dependency theory grew influential in latin america in the 1960s and 1970s, largely in reaction to modernisation theory and free trade policies, which originated in the west.
Modernization theory explains the processes involved in. Dependency theory states that it is the unleveled distribution of power in global politics and markets that keeps underdeveloped regions in poverty. Modernization vs dependency theory country development. Modernization theory dependency theory criticisms 3 stages of modernization focuses on the modern or present. The discourse assesses the influence of modernization and dependency theories on africas development. However, the question if have these theories evolved throughout the years. Jul 08, 2017 modernization, modernization theory a term and approach that came into widespread use in the early 1960s, as a consequence of the efforts by a group of development specialists in the united states to develop an alternative to the marxist account of social development. Oct 05, 2006 the endogenous explanation is a modernization theory. Galeano and the dependency school see rich countries as being the main obstacle to the well being of the poor. Modernization theory stresses not only the process of change but also the responses to that change. Modernization theory and dependency theory 1811 words. Modernization theory and dependency theory in ethiopia. In fact it has been noticed that the major differences between the modernization theory and dependency theory exist from the origin of the dependency theory itself which have been created in response to the modernization theory theory, dependency theory v.
Paul barans equation economic surp es p c and the thinking of centre peripher of the theory ogical development and reality nder developed countries. The dependency and worldsystems perspectives on development were very influential among radical development theorists from the late 1960s. While the modernization theory focuses mainly on the people, it seems to me that dependency theory does take that into account in some small way, as is determined by the more powerful influences such as trade, politics, class conflicts, etc. Modernization and dependency theory 1563 words 7 pages. Aug 19, 2019 the modernization theory takes its roots in the eighteenth century, during the era of enlightenment. Modernization versus dependency in the context of colonial. Includes bibliographical references pages 5145 and index rereading modernization and dependency theory tradition and gender in modernization theory from modernization theory to the soft state in africa gender and the world bank. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about theories of modernization and dependency ppt.
These are the sources and citations used to research modernisation vs dependency theory. Aug 31, 2017 too often modernisation theory is skewed in analyses that juxtaposes it with dependency theory in explaining dilemmas of the third world. Values and strengths of modernization and dependency theory. In amins view, unequal exchange leads to a transfer of value. Dependency theory and modernization theory by kali trepanier. Introduction the main objective of this document is to synthesize the main aspects of the four major theories of development. Compare and contrast modernization and dependency theories of. Mcclelland, hagen, lerner, inkles modernization theory. Theoretical perspectives on global stratification introduction to. In other words, the relation between underdevelopment and dependency is explained in a. The theory arose around 1970 as a reaction to some earlier theories of development like the modernization theory which said that all societies progress through similar stages of development, and that underdeveloped areas are thus in a similar situation to that of todays developed areas at some time in the past, and that therefore the task in helping the underdeveloped areas out of poverty. This video is part of our online course on political science for nta net jrf and upsc political science optional. This theory involves the globalization well talk about the pros and cons of globalization later, where concept and technologies, as well as the ideas and social mores are easily spread around the globe, causing a global culture that functions as a.
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